Thallium(1+)
fo-ccf1d16e4a20daea
Identity
- Type
- Atom cation
- CAS
- 22537-56-0
- EC
- —
- Origin
- EF 3.1 hybrid_name_cas_v1
- Changes
- 59 across every transformer
Structure
Alternative labels
11- Thallium (i)
- THALLIUM (I) ION
- Thallium ion (Tl+)
- Thallium ion (Tl1+)
- Thallium ion(1+)
- Thallium monocation
- thallium(1+) ion
- thallium(I) cation
- Thallium, ion (Tl1+)
- Thallous ion
- Tl1+
Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Elemental charge chemrof:elemental_charge | 1 |
| Has element chemrof:has_element | {'@id': 'https://vocab.brightway.dev/flow-objects/fo-d94072122a6ce33a'} |
| InChI2D key string chemrof:inchi2d_key_string | ZLUSCZLCHQSJRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI2D string chemrof:inchi2d_string | InChI=1S/Tl/q+1 |
| IUPAC name chemrof:IUPAC_name | Thallium(1+) |
| Molecular formula chemrof:molecular_formula | Tl, Tl+ |
| Molecular mass chemrof:molecular_mass | 204.383 |
| Monoisotopic mass chemrof:monoisotopic_mass | 204.973879, 204.97388 |
| Relationships relationships | {"parent_element_flow_object_id":"fo-d94072122a6ce33a","relationship_type":"ion_of","provenance":{"prov:wasGeneratedBy":"flow_layers.pubchem_element_enrichment","prov:wasAttributedTo":"consensus-flow-list","prov:hadPrimarySource":["EF 3.1","PubChem","Common Chemistry"],"prov:wasDerivedFrom":"ion_label_to_base_element_mapping"}} |
| SMILES string chemrof:smiles_string | [Tl+] |
Known URLs
9Where else this substance is described. Collected while the pipeline resolved it — from ChEBI's cross-references, from PubChem's identifier list, and from the CAS number — so a link here is a record the merge actually read, not a search it suggests.
| Resource | URL | Recorded by |
|---|---|---|
| CAS Common Chemistry | https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=22537-56-0 | enrich_references.chebi_xrefs |
| ChEBI | https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:49920 | enrich_references.chebi_id_link |
| comptox.epa.gov | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID80177062 | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
| gmelin | gmelin:15215 | enrich_references.chebi_xrefs |
| gsrs.ncats.nih.gov | https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/HQ02V0P496 | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
| pdb-ccd | pdb-ccd:TL | enrich_references.chebi_xrefs |
| PubChem | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/105005 | enrich_references.pubchem_compound |
| PubChem | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=niaid&sourceid=072434 | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
| Wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27104736 | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
Elementary flows
17| Flow | Context | Source | Unit | CFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9c77f447-6e7e-45bd-b69a-702a7a83d746 | Environmental → Air → Aircraft cruise height | EF 3.1 | kg | 4 |
| 330c1c01-5fa5-4413-a349-07c8a447aa9d | Environmental → Air → Ground level → Urban (>1000 people/square mile) | EF 3.1 | kg | 4 |
| e2a22149-0e7b-48f5-9e30-fd153f62cf0b | Environmental → Air → Indoor | EF 3.1 | kg | 4 |
| 05b76684-9e74-4d92-8543-1ccfb2c0e268 | Environmental → Air → Long-term | EF 3.1 | kg | 0 |
| f063594f-4618-4555-961c-3ce37f3dc844 | Environmental → Air → Medium stack, <150 meters → Rural (<1000 people/square mile) | EF 3.1 | kg | 4 |
| 5deb05ac-0c9a-4498-9f1b-db089bb2f7e8 | Environmental → Air → Unknown | EF 3.1 | kg | 4 |
| 02181ec3-6f91-49cd-8024-2e0d1b08da53 | Environmental → Ground → Agricultural | EF 3.1 | kg | 4 |
| acae8fbee04112ad0eab6c2356ff18095d08c3ad | Environmental → Ground → Industrial | ecoinvent algorithm addition | kg | 0 |
| 1fc5b9e6-76c6-40e3-be5e-21f00f1ce5c3 | Environmental → Ground → Non-agricultural | EF 3.1 | kg | 4 |
| 974ff242f194270e77d13ce5f888c5ada4d917e1 | Environmental → Ground → Silvicultural | ecoinvent algorithm addition | kg | 0 |
| 0a500538-9f12-4aef-83a2-3e49778dae3f | Environmental → Ground → Unknown | EF 3.1 | kg | 4 |
| e4814a92-6031-4399-bebf-d004f901b70e | Environmental → Water → Long-term | EF 3.1 | kg | 0 |
| cf1fd706-e7c2-45d5-9a34-389494b63544 | Environmental → Water → Ocean | EF 3.1 | kg | 4 |
| dbf2900bcd5bac495d3145e660e265ed576c293a | Environmental → Water → River | agribalyse algorithm addition | kg | 0 |
| 91c6166d-6f12-4795-b058-1186ab2d7777 | Environmental → Water → Surface water | EF 3.1 | kg | 4 |
| dc18656c82905f89966376a8b5fc73743065a144 | Environmental → Water → Unconfined aquifer | ecoinvent algorithm addition | kg | 0 |
| a0d76716-6395-4cf7-bfc3-9930cde9e26a | Environmental → Water → Unknown | EF 3.1 | kg | 4 |
History
Everything that changed this substance (59 changes)
Full record
Flow object JSON
{
"flow_object_id": "fo-ccf1d16e4a20daea",
"prefLabel": [
{
"@value": "Thallium(1+)",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "flow_layers.pubchem_element_enrichment",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"Common Chemistry",
"EF 3.1",
"PubChem"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "ion.prefLabel.titlecase"
}
}
],
"altLabel": [
{
"@value": "Thallium (i)",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "original name retained as altLabel"
}
},
{
"@value": "THALLIUM (I) ION",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "chebi_altlabels",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1",
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49920"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi synonym match"
}
},
{
"@value": "Thallium ion (Tl+)",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CAS:22537-56-0",
"EF 3.1",
"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=22537-56-0"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
}
},
{
"@value": "Thallium ion (Tl1+)",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CAS:22537-56-0",
"EF 3.1",
"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=22537-56-0"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
}
},
{
"@value": "Thallium ion(1+)",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CAS:22537-56-0",
"EF 3.1",
"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=22537-56-0"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
}
},
{
"@value": "Thallium monocation",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CAS:22537-56-0",
"EF 3.1",
"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=22537-56-0"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
}
},
{
"@value": "thallium(1+) ion",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "chebi_altlabels",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1",
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49920"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi synonym match"
}
},
{
"@value": "thallium(I) cation",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "chebi_altlabels",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1",
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49920"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi synonym match"
}
},
{
"@value": "Thallium, ion (Tl1+)",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "chebi_altlabels",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1",
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49920"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi synonym match"
}
},
{
"@value": "Thallous ion",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CAS:22537-56-0",
"EF 3.1",
"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=22537-56-0"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
}
},
{
"@value": "Tl1+",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CAS:22537-56-0",
"EF 3.1",
"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=22537-56-0"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
}
}
],
"properties": {
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/molecular_formula": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/molecular_formula",
"@value": [
"Tl",
"Tl+"
],
"attested_by": {
"Tl": [
"enrich_references.chebi_semantic"
],
"Tl+": [
"enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
"rdkit_post_consensus"
]
},
"rdfs:label": "Molecular formula",
"provenance": [
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49920"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.basic_property_values.generalized_empirical_formula"
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:105005"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.props.Molecular Formula"
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"[Tl+]"
]
}
]
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/smiles_string": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/smiles_string",
"rdfs:label": "SMILES",
"@value": [
"[Tl+]"
],
"provenance": [
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "opsin_iupac",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"Thallium(1+)"
]
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"[Tl+]"
]
}
],
"attested_by": {
"[Tl+]": [
"opsin_iupac",
"rdkit_post_consensus"
]
}
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/inchi2d_string": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/inchi2d_string",
"rdfs:label": "InChI",
"@value": [
"InChI=1S/Tl/q+1"
],
"provenance": [
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "opsin_iupac",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"Thallium(1+)"
]
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"[Tl+]"
]
}
],
"attested_by": {
"InChI=1S/Tl/q+1": [
"opsin_iupac",
"rdkit_post_consensus"
]
}
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/inchi2d_key_string": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/inchi2d_key_string",
"@value": [
"ZLUSCZLCHQSJRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N"
],
"attested_by": {
"ZLUSCZLCHQSJRU-UHFFFAOYSA-N": [
"enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
"rdkit_post_consensus"
]
},
"rdfs:label": "InChIKey",
"provenance": [
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49920"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.basic_property_values.inchi_key_string"
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:105005"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.props.InChIKey"
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"[Tl+]"
]
}
]
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/molecular_mass": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/molecular_mass",
"@value": [
204.383
],
"attested_by": {
"204.383": [
"enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"rdkit_post_consensus"
]
},
"rdfs:label": "Molecular mass",
"http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/hasUnit": "https://vocab.brightway.one/units/unit/GM-PER-MOL",
"provenance": [
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49920"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.basic_property_values.mass"
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"[Tl+]"
]
}
]
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/monoisotopic_mass": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/monoisotopic_mass",
"@value": [
204.973879,
204.97388
],
"attested_by": {
"204.97388": [
"enrich_references.chebi_semantic"
],
"204.973879": [
"rdkit_post_consensus",
"rdkit_pre_consensus"
]
},
"rdfs:label": "Monoisotopic mass",
"http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/hasUnit": "https://vocab.brightway.one/units/unit/GM-PER-MOL",
"provenance": [
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49920"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.basic_property_values.monoisotopic_mass"
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_pre_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"[Tl+]"
]
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"[Tl+]"
]
}
]
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/elemental_charge": {
"rdfs:label": "elemental charge",
"@value": [
1
],
"http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/hasUnit": "https://vocab.brightway.one/units/unit/NUM",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "flow_layers.pubchem_element_enrichment",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "ion_label_charge_state_regex_parse"
}
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/IUPAC_name": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/IUPAC_name",
"rdfs:label": "IUPAC name",
"@value": [
"Thallium(1+)"
],
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "opsin_iupac",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"Thallium(1+)"
]
},
"attested_by": {
"Thallium(1+)": [
"opsin_iupac"
]
}
},
"relationships": {
"parent_element_flow_object_id": "fo-d94072122a6ce33a",
"relationship_type": "ion_of",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "flow_layers.pubchem_element_enrichment",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1",
"PubChem",
"Common Chemistry"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "ion_label_to_base_element_mapping"
}
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/has_element": {
"rdfs:label": "has element",
"@value": [
{
"@id": "https://vocab.brightway.dev/flow-objects/fo-d94072122a6ce33a"
}
],
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "semantic_typing.classify",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "relationships.parent_element_flow_object_id"
}
}
},
"references": [
{
"@id": "gmelin:15215",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_xrefs",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49920"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.xrefs_urls"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=22537-56-0",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_xrefs",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49920"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.xrefs_urls"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID80177062",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:105005;CAS:22537-56-0"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[22537-56-0]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/HQ02V0P496",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:105005;CAS:22537-56-0"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[22537-56-0]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/105005",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_compound",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:105005;CAS:22537-56-0"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.by_cas[22537-56-0]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/substance/?source=niaid&sourceid=072434",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:105005;CAS:22537-56-0"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[22537-56-0]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:49920",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_id_link",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49920"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.id"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27104736",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:105005;CAS:22537-56-0"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[22537-56-0]"
}
},
{
"@id": "pdb-ccd:TL",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_xrefs",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_49920"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.xrefs_urls"
}
}
],
"created_from": {
"resolver": "hybrid_name_cas_v1",
"seed_uuid": "02181ec3-6f91-49cd-8024-2e0d1b08da53",
"seed_source": "EF 3.1",
"semantic_typing": {
"rule": "monoatomic_ion",
"reason": "",
"types": [
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/AtomCation"
],
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "semantic_typing.classify",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "semantic_typing.rule.monoatomic_ion"
}
}
},
"classifications": {
"http://semanticscience.org/resource/CHEMINF_000446": {
"@value": [
"22537-56-0"
],
"rdfs:seeAlso": [
"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=22537-56-0"
],
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "flow_layers.pubchem_element_enrichment",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1;PubChem;Common Chemistry;EC inventory"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "cas_numbers"
}
}
},
"origin_qualifier": null,
"parent_flow_object_id": null,
"parent_intervention_id": null,
"@type": [
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/AtomCation"
]
}Something wrong here?
- This substance is published under the wrong name
- This is not that chemical
- This record is two substances, or it is a second copy of one
You do not need to run a build or clone anything. Name the record and say what your evidence is; the measurement is done for you. How contributing works