2,6-dichloroaniline
fo-faa7fed1c8e09290
Identity
- Type
- Neutral molecule
- CAS
- 608-31-1
- EC
- 210-160-5
- Origin
- EF 3.1 hybrid_name_cas_v1
- Changes
- 55 across every transformer
Structure
Alternative labels
5- 2,6-Dichloranilin
- 2,6-dichlorobenzenamine
- 2,6-Dichlorophenylamine
- Aniline, 2,6-dichloro-
- Benzenamine, 2,6-dichloro-
Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Elemental charge chemrof:elemental_charge | 0 |
| InChI2D key string chemrof:inchi2d_key_string | JDMFXJULNGEPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| InChI2D string chemrof:inchi2d_string | InChI=1S/C6H5Cl2N/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(4)9/h1-3H,9H2 |
| IUPAC name chemrof:IUPAC_name | 2,6-dichloroaniline |
| Molecular formula chemrof:molecular_formula | C6H5Cl2N |
| Molecular mass chemrof:molecular_mass | 162.019 |
| Monoisotopic mass chemrof:monoisotopic_mass | 160.9799, 160.979905 |
| SMILES string chemrof:smiles_string | Nc1c(Cl)cccc1Cl |
Known URLs
15Where else this substance is described. Collected while the pipeline resolved it — from ChEBI's cross-references, from PubChem's identifier list, and from the CAS number — so a link here is a record the merge actually read, not a search it suggests.
| Resource | URL | Recorded by |
|---|---|---|
| beilstein | beilstein:775084 | enrich_references.chebi_xrefs |
| CAS Common Chemistry | https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=608-31-1 | enrich_references.chebi_xrefs |
| ChEBI | https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:46630 | enrich_references.chebi_id_link |
| chem.echa.europa.eu | https://chem.echa.europa.eu/100.009.237 | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
| chemicalsafety.ilo.org | https://chemicalsafety.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0143 | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
| comptox.epa.gov | https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID5044449 | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
| ebi.ac.uk | https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL28368 | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
| gmelin | gmelin:201088 | enrich_references.chebi_xrefs |
| gsrs.ncats.nih.gov | https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/KG3RW7NW6M | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
| jglobal.jst.go.jp | http://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/redirect?Nikkaji_No=J134.696B | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
| metabolomicsworkbench.org | https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/data/StructureData.php?RegNo=56665 | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
| PubChem | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11846 | enrich_references.pubchem_compound |
| PubChem | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/erg/#1590 | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
| Wikidata | https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145677 | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
| Wikipedia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,6-Dichloroaniline | enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url |
Elementary flows
13| Flow | Context | Source | Unit | CFs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38d65e26-de3f-48a3-a88c-2dcd8d114c35 | Environmental → Air → Aircraft cruise height | EF 3.1 | kg | 2 |
| 80a92fbc-d861-468d-8701-d0cfc743c93f | Environmental → Air → Ground level → Urban (>1000 people/square mile) | EF 3.1 | kg | 2 |
| 6cd941ef-2759-4d4b-8e4a-22ccda170a85 | Environmental → Air → Indoor | EF 3.1 | kg | 2 |
| 69366cd5-7ab6-4dc8-a5ef-24efd75aa429 | Environmental → Air → Long-term | EF 3.1 | kg | 0 |
| 8d62815a-eda0-4852-a9ab-026b5e2843fc | Environmental → Air → Medium stack, <150 meters → Rural (<1000 people/square mile) | EF 3.1 | kg | 2 |
| 1e490934-b097-4ca7-afa2-16fa31c8927d | Environmental → Air → Unknown | EF 3.1 | kg | 2 |
| ac456dbe-0ef0-46bf-bbad-b6e1ee09f4a5 | Environmental → Ground → Agricultural | EF 3.1 | kg | 2 |
| 99a8ba84-9744-42b9-8836-1a67b50aa964 | Environmental → Ground → Non-agricultural | EF 3.1 | kg | 2 |
| b26b1c2e-2a02-4fb8-8ed1-118c160cf740 | Environmental → Ground → Unknown | EF 3.1 | kg | 2 |
| 178559c3-553e-4fad-8aae-db0771bbe97c | Environmental → Water → Long-term | EF 3.1 | kg | 0 |
| 70542e5e-9cec-4bc2-ae3e-12c7076818ce | Environmental → Water → Ocean | EF 3.1 | kg | 2 |
| 8a83bbb8-c750-4b03-9b21-b2f5e89eb8a7 | Environmental → Water → Surface water | EF 3.1 | kg | 2 |
| 83548f4d-373d-4bf6-adef-f69ce0a1bf4e | Environmental → Water → Unknown | EF 3.1 | kg | 2 |
History
Everything that changed this substance (55 changes)
Full record
Flow object JSON
{
"flow_object_id": "fo-faa7fed1c8e09290",
"prefLabel": [
{
"@value": "2,6-dichloroaniline",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "bootstrap_labels",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "legacy name field"
}
}
],
"altLabel": [
{
"@value": "2,6-Dichloranilin",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "chebi_altlabels",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1",
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46630"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi synonym match"
}
},
{
"@value": "2,6-dichlorobenzenamine",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "chebi_altlabels",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1",
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46630"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi synonym match"
}
},
{
"@value": "2,6-Dichlorophenylamine",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CAS:608-31-1",
"EF 3.1",
"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
}
},
{
"@value": "Aniline, 2,6-dichloro-",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CAS:608-31-1",
"EF 3.1",
"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
}
},
{
"@value": "Benzenamine, 2,6-dichloro-",
"@language": "en",
"@lang": "en",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "consensus_match",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CAS:608-31-1",
"EF 3.1",
"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "common chemistry CAS lookup"
}
}
],
"properties": {
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/molecular_formula": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/molecular_formula",
"@value": [
"C6H5Cl2N"
],
"attested_by": {
"C6H5Cl2N": [
"enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
"rdkit_post_consensus"
]
},
"rdfs:label": "Molecular formula",
"provenance": [
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46630"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.basic_property_values.generalized_empirical_formula"
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.props.Molecular Formula"
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"Nc1c(Cl)cccc1Cl"
]
}
]
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/smiles_string": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/smiles_string",
"rdfs:label": "SMILES",
"@value": [
"Nc1c(Cl)cccc1Cl"
],
"provenance": [
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "opsin_iupac",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"2,6-dichloroaniline"
]
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"Nc1c(Cl)cccc1Cl"
]
}
],
"attested_by": {
"Nc1c(Cl)cccc1Cl": [
"opsin_iupac",
"rdkit_post_consensus"
]
}
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/inchi2d_string": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/inchi2d_string",
"rdfs:label": "InChI",
"@value": [
"InChI=1S/C6H5Cl2N/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(4)9/h1-3H,9H2"
],
"provenance": [
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "opsin_iupac",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"2,6-dichloroaniline"
]
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"Nc1c(Cl)cccc1Cl"
]
}
],
"attested_by": {
"InChI=1S/C6H5Cl2N/c7-4-2-1-3-5(8)6(4)9/h1-3H,9H2": [
"opsin_iupac",
"rdkit_post_consensus"
]
}
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/inchi2d_key_string": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/inchi2d_key_string",
"@value": [
"JDMFXJULNGEPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N"
],
"attested_by": {
"JDMFXJULNGEPOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N": [
"enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
"rdkit_post_consensus"
]
},
"rdfs:label": "InChIKey",
"provenance": [
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46630"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.basic_property_values.inchi_key_string"
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.props.InChIKey"
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"Nc1c(Cl)cccc1Cl"
]
}
]
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/molecular_mass": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/molecular_mass",
"@value": [
162.019
],
"attested_by": {
"162.019": [
"enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"rdkit_post_consensus"
]
},
"rdfs:label": "Molecular mass",
"http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/hasUnit": "https://vocab.brightway.one/units/unit/GM-PER-MOL",
"provenance": [
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46630"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.basic_property_values.mass"
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"Nc1c(Cl)cccc1Cl"
]
}
]
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/monoisotopic_mass": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/monoisotopic_mass",
"@value": [
160.9799,
160.979905
],
"attested_by": {
"160.9799": [
"enrich_references.chebi_semantic"
],
"160.979905": [
"rdkit_post_consensus",
"rdkit_pre_consensus"
]
},
"rdfs:label": "Monoisotopic mass",
"http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/hasUnit": "https://vocab.brightway.one/units/unit/GM-PER-MOL",
"provenance": [
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46630"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.basic_property_values.monoisotopic_mass"
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_pre_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)N)Cl"
]
},
{
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "rdkit_post_consensus",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"Nc1c(Cl)cccc1Cl"
]
}
]
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/elemental_charge": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/elemental_charge",
"@value": [
0
],
"attested_by": {
"0": [
"enrich_references.chebi_semantic"
]
},
"rdfs:label": "Elemental charge",
"http://qudt.org/schema/qudt/hasUnit": "https://vocab.brightway.one/units/unit/NUM",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_semantic",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46630"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.basic_property_values.charge"
}
},
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/IUPAC_name": {
"@id": "https://w3id.org/chemrof/IUPAC_name",
"rdfs:label": "IUPAC name",
"@value": [
"2,6-dichloroaniline"
],
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "opsin_iupac",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"2,6-dichloroaniline"
]
},
"attested_by": {
"2,6-dichloroaniline": [
"opsin_iupac"
]
}
}
},
"references": [
{
"@id": "beilstein:775084",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_xrefs",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46630"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.xrefs_urls"
}
},
{
"@id": "gmelin:201088",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_xrefs",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46630"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.xrefs_urls"
}
},
{
"@id": "http://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/redirect?Nikkaji_No=J134.696B",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846;CAS:608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[608-31-1]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://chem.echa.europa.eu/100.009.237",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846;CAS:608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[608-31-1]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://chemicalsafety.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.display?p_card_id=0143",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846;CAS:608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[608-31-1]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=608-31-1",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_xrefs",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46630"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.xrefs_urls"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/DTXSID5044449",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846;CAS:608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[608-31-1]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,6-Dichloroaniline",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846;CAS:608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[608-31-1]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/KG3RW7NW6M",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846;CAS:608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[608-31-1]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11846",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_compound",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846;CAS:608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.by_cas[608-31-1]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/erg/#1590",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846;CAS:608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[608-31-1]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:46630",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.chebi_id_link",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_46630"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "chebi.id"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chembl/explore/compound/CHEMBL28368",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846;CAS:608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[608-31-1]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://www.metabolomicsworkbench.org/data/StructureData.php?RegNo=56665",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846;CAS:608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[608-31-1]"
}
},
{
"@id": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145677",
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "enrich_references.pubchem_identifier_url",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"CID:11846;CAS:608-31-1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "pubchem.identifiers[608-31-1]"
}
}
],
"created_from": {
"resolver": "hybrid_name_cas_v1",
"seed_uuid": "178559c3-553e-4fad-8aae-db0771bbe97c",
"seed_source": "EF 3.1",
"semantic_typing": {
"rule": "neutral_molecule",
"reason": "",
"types": [
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/NeutralMolecule"
],
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "semantic_typing.classify",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "semantic_typing.rule.neutral_molecule"
}
}
},
"classifications": {
"http://semanticscience.org/resource/CHEMINF_000446": {
"@value": [
"608-31-1"
],
"rdfs:seeAlso": [
"https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=608-31-1"
],
"http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#exactMatch": [
{
"@id": "https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=608-31-1"
}
],
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "hybrid_name_cas_v1",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "cas_numbers"
}
},
"http://semanticscience.org/resource/CHEMINF_000447": {
"@value": [
"210-160-5"
],
"rdfs:seeAlso": [
"https://echa.europa.eu/search-for-chemicals?query=210-160-5"
],
"provenance": {
"prov:wasGeneratedBy": "hybrid_name_cas_v1",
"prov:wasAttributedTo": "consensus-flow-list",
"prov:hadPrimarySource": [
"EF 3.1"
],
"prov:wasDerivedFrom": "ec_numbers"
}
}
},
"origin_qualifier": null,
"parent_flow_object_id": null,
"parent_intervention_id": null,
"@type": [
"https://w3id.org/chemrof/NeutralMolecule"
]
}
Something wrong here?
- This substance is published under the wrong name
- This is not that chemical
- This record is two substances, or it is a second copy of one
You do not need to run a build or clone anything. Name the record and say what your evidence is; the measurement is done for you. How contributing works